Surface Wave travels:

Surface Wave travels:

• A. In direct contact with the ground.
• B. Via atmospheric ionization.
• C. Only theoretical.
• D. By reflection from the ionosphere.

Answer: (A)

Surface waves, or ground waves, travel along the surface of the Earth by being guided at the air–ground boundary. The electromagnetic field stays close to the ground and attenuates with distance, making this mode useful for longer-range communication at HF where the signal hugs the surface rather than propagating into space. It is a real, practical propagation mechanism, not something theoretical. This differs from ionospheric or skywave paths, which rely on reflection from the ionosphere and travel through the air above the ground. So the behavior best described is that the wave travels in direct contact with the ground.

Surface waves, or ground waves, travel along the surface of the Earth by being guided at the air–ground boundary. The electromagnetic field stays close to the ground and attenuates with distance, making this mode useful for longer-range communication at HF where the signal hugs the surface rather than propagating into space. It is a real, practical propagation mechanism, not something theoretical. This differs from ionospheric or skywave paths, which rely on reflection from the ionosphere and travel through the air above the ground. So the behavior best described is that the wave travels in direct contact with the ground.